Lead

Lead (element #82, symbol Pb) is a very soft, blue-gray, metallic element.  It is primarily produced from the mineral galena. It has been used since antiquity.  Water pipes in ancient Rome, some of which still carry water, were made of lead.  The English words plumber and plumbing are derived from the Latin word for lead — plumbum — the source of the chemical symbol for lead, Pb.  Today lead is used mostly in car batteries.

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Description

Lead (element #82, symbol Pb) is a very soft, blue-gray, metallic element.  It is primarily produced from the mineral galena. It has been used since antiquity.  Water pipes in ancient Rome, some of which still carry water, were made of lead.  The English words plumber and plumbing are derived from the Latin word for lead — plumbum — the source of the chemical symbol for lead, Pb.  Today lead is used mostly in car batteries.

Relation to Mining

The U.S. is the world’s largest producer and consumer of refined lead metal. Major mine producers other than the U.S. include Australia, Canada, China, Peru, and Kazakhstan.

In the U.S., six lead mines in Missouri, plus lead-producing mines in Alaska and Idaho, accounted for all domestic mine production. Significant amounts of lead are recovered as a by-product or co-product from zinc mines, and silver-copper deposits. Primary refined lead was produced at one smelter-refinery in Missouri. Of the plants that produced secondary lead at year end 2013, 12 had capacities of 30,000 tons per year of refined lead or greater and accounted for more than 95% of secondary production.

Uses

The majority of the lead consumed annually is used to make batteries for cars, trucks and other vehicles, as well as wheel weights, solder, bearings and other parts. Lead is used in electronics and communications (emergency power batteries, for example), ammunition, television glass, construction, and protective coatings. A small amount is used to make protective aprons for patients having x-rays to shield the body from excess radiation exposure, for crystal glass production, weights and ballast, and specialized chemicals.

Used in lead batteries, gasoline tanks, and solders, seals or bearings, used in electrical and electronic applications, TV tubes, TV glass, construction, communications, protective coatings, in ballast or weights, ceramics or crystal glass, tubes or containers, type metal, foil or wire, X-ray and gamma radiation shielding, soundproofing material in construction industry, and ammunition. The U.S. is the world’s largest producer and consumer of refined lead metal. Major mine producers other than the U.S. include Australia, Canada, China, Peru, and Kazakhstan.